Post diwyethek, Sowsnek a-woles/Bilingual post, English Below.
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Ytho, my re welas na bostis vy yn-kever etymologieth geryow balweyth a-dhia termyn hir. Awos hemma, my re dhewisas aga spammya unweyth arta gans istori didhevnydh geryow na wrussowgh hwi godhvos na vynnsowgh godhvos y'ga hever!
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| Jynnji Shafta Jope dhe Val Karn Soth. |
Avel y lever an titel, nyns yw thema geryow an post ma an balyow aga honan, mes pandr'a hwer war warenep an Nor. Ytho, gesewgh ni dhe viajya a-dro dhe'n leuryow-gwiska ha dyski neppyth nowyth (po koth, avel yth yw)!
Mar tothyewgh dhe Gernow, unn pyth a welsewgh yn lies tyller yw jynnjiow. An re ma yw an byldyansow le may feu jynnow an bal trigys yndha. Gwrys yw an ger ma a jynn ha chi. Y teu jynn dhyworth an ger Anglo-Normanek engine, martesen dre'n Sowsnek, a dhisplegyas a-dhyworth an Frynkek Koth engine. Hemm a styryas 'sleyneth', 'konnykter' po 'jynn bell' - awos bos an re na mar junyes! An kevrin ma a bes ha ni ow mos pella delergh. Ingenium o'n ger Latinek a brovias gwreydh a hemma usi 'kwalita', 'gwnas', 'awen' po 'dismygyans'. - Yn Latinek Diwedhes, y styryas an ger ma 'jynn bell' po 'hordh-fusta' (mes ny onderstondav prag, vytholl).
Eyl rann an ger jynnji yw chi a dhisplegyas dhyworth an ger Kernowek a-varr ty usi keskelmys dhe'n ger Kembrek tŷ. An dhew ma a dheu dhyworth an Proto-Brythonek *tɨɣ (chi) a dheuth a'n Proto-Keltek *tegos ha'n Proto-Indo-Europek *(s)teg- a styryas 'chi' po 'gorher'. An re ma a brovias an ger chi yn pub yeth Keltek:
Kernowek: chi
Bretonek: ti
Kembrek: tŷ
Wordhenek: teach
Manawek : thie, çhagh
Godhalek Albanek: taigh
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| Jynnji ha jynn-tramm koth dhe Val Levant. |
Yma dew er Kembrek rag jynnji; an kensa yw tŷ injan usi treylyans a'n term Sowsnek, an nessa yw tamm koyntta. Hemm yw an ger peiriandy usi gwrys a'n geryow peiriant ha tŷ. Wel, ni a wor oll yn-kever an ger tŷ, ytho pyth yw peiriant? Yn Kembrek arnowyth, yth yw an ger rag jynn mes y'n dydhyow koth yth esa styryans dyffrans dhodho. A yllowgh dismygi? Styryans gwreydhek a peiriant o 'jynn bell' po 'katapult'. Ytho, ev a apper dhe vos treylyans an ger Latinek gwreydhek (Tamm kellys ov gans oll an re ma!).
Okay, ow movya a-hys. Darn meur a bub jynnji yw y jymbla. An ger chymbla - 'simnai' yn Kembrek ha 'siminal' yn Bretonek - a dheu dhyworth an ger Frynkek Koth cheminee usi diyskynnys dhyworth an Latinek caminus. Chevisyes veu'n ger ma dhyworth an Grek Hengoth κάμινος/káminos (fog). Displgyas hemm dhe eryow erel avel an Almaynek Kamin.
A-beth y'n jynnji, yma jynn-prenn a dhriv pomp. Chevisyans dhyworth an Sowsnek Kres pumpe yw hemm a dhisplegyas a'n Iseldiryek Kres pompe (piben) po'n Isalmaynek Kres pumpe. Nyns yw kler a-dhyworth le may teu yn certan.
Nyns o an post ma mar yntanus avel an postyow erel, mes my a wayt y tyskson ni oll neppyth didheurek. Piw a wor le mayth yw an postyow ow mos? An bys yw agan estren!
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So, I've realised that I've not posted about mining vocabulary or its etymology for a while now. Because of this, I've decided to spam y'all once again with the useless history of words you didn't know you didn't want to know about!
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| Jynnji Shafta Jope dhe Val Karn Soth. |
For this post, we will be heading to the surface of the mines and having a look at what lies around the dressing-floors to learn something now (or old, as it stands)!
If you were to come to Cornwal, one thing youw would see in many places is engine houses. These are the buildings in which mine engines were housed. The word itself is made up of jynn (engine) and chi (house) - such a surprise! Jynn comes from the Anglo-Norman word engine, perhaps via English, which evolved from the Old French engine. This has the meaning of 'cleverness' or 'war engine' - because those two things are definitely connectd! The mystery continues as we delve deeper. Ingenium was the Latin word that provided the root for this which is 'quality', 'genius' or 'invention'. - In Late Latin it had the meaning of 'war machine' or 'battering ram' (but I don't get why, at all).
The other part of jynnji is chi which developed from the earlier Cornish word ty, that links to the Welsh tŷ. These both come from the Proto-Brythonic *tɨɣ (house) which came from the Proto-Celtic *tegos and the Proto-Indo-European *(s)teg-, meaning 'house' or 'shelter'. These provided the word for house in each of the Celtic languages:
Cornish: chi
Breton: ti
Welsh: tŷ
Irish Gaelic: teach
Manx: thie, çhagh
Scottish Gaelic: taigh
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| Engine house and old tram engine at Levant mine. |
There are two Welsh words for engine house; the first being tŷ injan which is a direct translation of the English term, the second is peiriandy which is made up of the words peiriant and tŷ. Well, we have already learned all about tŷ, so what is peiriat? In modern Welsh, it means machine, but in the olden days it had a different meaning. Can you guess? The original meaning of peiriant was 'war-machine' or 'catapult'. So, it appears to be a translation of the original Latin word (though I'm a bit lost now!).
Okay, moving along. A large part of an engine house is its chimney. The words chymbla in Cornish, simnai in Welsh and siminal in Breton come from the Old French cheminee which is a descendent of the Latin caminus. This word was borrowed from the Ancient Greek κάμινος/káminos (furnace). This word also evolved into other words, such as the German Kamin.
Inside the engine house is a beam engine which drives a pump. The word pomp in Cornish is a borrowing from the Middle English pumpe which evolved from the Middle Dutch pompe (pipe) or the Middle Low German pumpe. Though I'm not entirely certain where these two words came from.
This wasn't the most exciting post ever, but I do hope we all learned something interesting. Who knows where the posts are going? The world is our oyster!
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Pennfentynnow:
- www.cornishdictionary.org.uk/
- http://howlsedhes.co.uk/cgi-bin/diskwe.pl
- George. K, An Gerlyver Meur, Kesva an Taves Kernewek (Nessa Dyllans, 2009).
- http://geiriadur.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html
- https://www.wiktionary.org/
- http://www.cornish-mining.org.uk/delving-deeper/glossary
- http://www.geevor.com/media/teaching%20resources/Cornish%20Mining%20Vocabulary%20List.pdf
- http://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Research/CelticLanguages/EnglishProtoCelticWordList.pdf
- https://glosbe.com/en/br/
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