Post diwyethek, Sownsek a-woles/Bilingual post, English below.
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My re vynnsa skrifa a-dro dhe'n geryow lent hag araf yn Kenowek ha Kembrek y'n post ma, mes nyns esa res dhymm hwilas rag hir kyn my dhe drovya an gorthebow. An Kembrek araf a vir avel ny janjyas meur a-dhia'n peswardhegves kansvledhen, henn yw na janjyas y vir po y styr( herwydh an GPC). Ny allav trovya neshevin y'n yethow Keltek erel, ytho yma res rag an drolla a araf dhe dhiwedha omma rag lemmyn. Pur es yw, byttegyns, dhe dresya'n ger Kernowek lent py a oll an fordh delergh dhe'n ger Latinek lentus. Yn revedh, nyns yw hemm an keth gwreydhen avel an ger Sowsnek "Lent" rag an gool Kristyon Korawys. An ger ma a dheu a-dhyworth an ger lencten yn Hen-Sowsnek a rann y gwreydhen gans an Sowsnek long (hir) ha'n Almaynek hag Isalmaynek lang, hemm yw an Proto-Jermanek *langatīnaz.
Ytho, yn-keverth pyth a wrav skrifa hedhyw? Wel, neppyth aral usi didheurek dhym yw an tybyans a skians. Henn yw, fatel bresent an tybyans y honan yn tyffrans yn yethow dyffrans. Yn meur a yethow, an hanow a dheu a-dhyworth an verb godhvos:
Y talvien gweles an onan na ow tos... An Sowsnek a gemer nebes geryow a-dhyworth hemma, avel science. Y'n yethow Keltek erel, an nessa kesker yw an Bretonek skiant a styr godhonieth ha sens, yma'n ger siañs rag godhonieth keffrys. Y teu an ger skiantouriezh (avel an ger Kernowek skentoleth) a-dhyworth skiant ynwedh. My a dyb y vos wordhi dhe gampolla a-dro dhe'n ger hen-gis Kembrek sabyddiaeth (skentoleth) awos ev a vir tamm avel an geryow Kernowek ha Bretonek, kyn nag yw kesker didro dhedha.
Kyn my dhe worfenna, my a dyb y vos gwiw dhe gampolla'n geryow Kernowek ha Kembrek godhonieth ha gwyddoniaeth a dheu a-dhyworth an Proto-Brythonek gwɨd avel displegys seulabrys. Herwydh an GPC, an ger gwyddon a yll styrya dyskys ha skentel (keffrys a-dhyworth scio), mes my a dyb y vos tamm hen-gis y'n jydh hedhyw keffrys.
My a wayt hwi dhe dhyski neppyth a hemma oll, y hwonn y hwrugav, hogen mars esov ow klowes tamm skwith lemmyn!
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I had wanted to spend this post discussing the various translations of slow in Welsh and Cornish. However my search, rather ironically, turned out to be a rather speedy one. The Welsh araf seems to be little changed since the 14th century, that is that the outward appearance of the word hasn't changed and neither has its meaning (according to the GPC). I cannot find cogntes in other celtic languages, and so for now the story of araf has to, sadly, end there. The Cornish word lent, however, has a very easily tracable story which goes all the way back to the Latin lentus meaning "slow". It is not, surpisingly, the same root as the English term "Lent" for the Christian Lenten Fast, which actuall comes from the Old English lencten which shares a root with the English word long and the German and Dutch lang, that being the Proto-Germanic *langatīnaz.
So, what am I instead going to discuss today? Well, something else which I find rather interesting is the idea of knowledge. That is, how differently this idea presents itself in various languages. Now, in many examples it comes from the verb to know:
So, how about Cornish? Well, godhvos means to know (a fact) and aswon means to know (a person) or to recognise. From these we get godhvos (knowledge) and aswonvos (knowledge/acknowledgement). We will be dealing with the former of these, namely godhvos. This cognates to the Welsh gwybod/gwybodaeth and the Breton gouzout/gouiziegezh which all come from the Proto-Brythonic gwɨbod. This is a compound of the words gwɨd (an adjectival word cognating to to know - compare to the older Welsh gwŷdd, meaning knowledge or science) and bod (to be).
Another word for knowledge in Cornish is skians, perhaps popularised by its use for the Skians Conference of the Cornish language Research Network every year. Indeed, it is from this that I first learned the word, previously only using godhvos. The word skians relates directly to the Latin word scientia which means knowledge and ultimately scio, which surprise, surprise means to know. So let's add to the earlier list with:
We should have seen that one coming. It is also from this route that English takes so many words, most obviously science. In Cornish, skians can also mean intellect/sense/wisdom. Now we can bring in other Celtic cognates. The closest cognate is in Breton, where skiant is used for both science and sense, it also has siañs in regards to the former. From skiant, the Breton also derive their word for wisdom, namely skiantouriezh (compare with the Cornish skentoleth - wisdom). I feel it worthy to note that the rather outdated Welsh word sabyddiaeth (wisdom) does carry a reasonable similarity, at least on the surface, although not a direct cognate to either of the Cornish or Breton.
Before finishing, it's rather appropriate to mention the Cornish and Welsh words for science godhonieth and gwyddoniaeth respecively, which come from the Proto-Brythonic gwɨd as already discussed. The Welsh gwyddon, according to the GPC, can also mean knowledgable and learned, though I feel that this is also rather old-fashioned these days also.
I hope you've learned something from this all, I know I have, even if I am feeling a little dizzy now!
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My re vynnsa skrifa a-dro dhe'n geryow lent hag araf yn Kenowek ha Kembrek y'n post ma, mes nyns esa res dhymm hwilas rag hir kyn my dhe drovya an gorthebow. An Kembrek araf a vir avel ny janjyas meur a-dhia'n peswardhegves kansvledhen, henn yw na janjyas y vir po y styr( herwydh an GPC). Ny allav trovya neshevin y'n yethow Keltek erel, ytho yma res rag an drolla a araf dhe dhiwedha omma rag lemmyn. Pur es yw, byttegyns, dhe dresya'n ger Kernowek lent py a oll an fordh delergh dhe'n ger Latinek lentus. Yn revedh, nyns yw hemm an keth gwreydhen avel an ger Sowsnek "Lent" rag an gool Kristyon Korawys. An ger ma a dheu a-dhyworth an ger lencten yn Hen-Sowsnek a rann y gwreydhen gans an Sowsnek long (hir) ha'n Almaynek hag Isalmaynek lang, hemm yw an Proto-Jermanek *langatīnaz.
Ytho, yn-keverth pyth a wrav skrifa hedhyw? Wel, neppyth aral usi didheurek dhym yw an tybyans a skians. Henn yw, fatel bresent an tybyans y honan yn tyffrans yn yethow dyffrans. Yn meur a yethow, an hanow a dheu a-dhyworth an verb godhvos:
- Sowsnek: to know - knowledge
- Almaynek: wissen - das Wissen
- Kembrek: gwybod - gwybodaeth
Y'n Kernowek, yma'n verbow godhvos hag aswon a led dhe'n henwyn godhvos hag aswonvos. Ni a wra bargynnya gans godhvos. An keskeryow Kembrek ha Bretonek rag an verb ha hanow godhvos yw gwybod/gwybodaeth ha gouzout/gouiziegezh a-gettep. Oll an re ma a dheu a-dhyworth an ger Proto-Brythonek gwɨbod. Hemm yw kesker a'n geryow gwɨd (an godh yn godhvos - kevhelewgh gans an ger Kembrek koth gwŷdd a styr skians po godhonieth) ha bos.
Ger Kernowek aral rag godhvos yw skians, my a wor an ger ma meur ras a'y dhevnydh gans an Keskussulyans Skians. An ger skians yw junyes gans an ger Latinek scientia a styr skians/godhvos dheu a-dhyworth an verb scio, henn yw godhvos - piw a wrussa godhvos! Ytho, gesewgh ni dh'y addya dhe'n rol a-varra:
- Latinek: scio - scientia
Y talvien gweles an onan na ow tos... An Sowsnek a gemer nebes geryow a-dhyworth hemma, avel science. Y'n yethow Keltek erel, an nessa kesker yw an Bretonek skiant a styr godhonieth ha sens, yma'n ger siañs rag godhonieth keffrys. Y teu an ger skiantouriezh (avel an ger Kernowek skentoleth) a-dhyworth skiant ynwedh. My a dyb y vos wordhi dhe gampolla a-dro dhe'n ger hen-gis Kembrek sabyddiaeth (skentoleth) awos ev a vir tamm avel an geryow Kernowek ha Bretonek, kyn nag yw kesker didro dhedha.
Kyn my dhe worfenna, my a dyb y vos gwiw dhe gampolla'n geryow Kernowek ha Kembrek godhonieth ha gwyddoniaeth a dheu a-dhyworth an Proto-Brythonek gwɨd avel displegys seulabrys. Herwydh an GPC, an ger gwyddon a yll styrya dyskys ha skentel (keffrys a-dhyworth scio), mes my a dyb y vos tamm hen-gis y'n jydh hedhyw keffrys.
My a wayt hwi dhe dhyski neppyth a hemma oll, y hwonn y hwrugav, hogen mars esov ow klowes tamm skwith lemmyn!
_______________
I had wanted to spend this post discussing the various translations of slow in Welsh and Cornish. However my search, rather ironically, turned out to be a rather speedy one. The Welsh araf seems to be little changed since the 14th century, that is that the outward appearance of the word hasn't changed and neither has its meaning (according to the GPC). I cannot find cogntes in other celtic languages, and so for now the story of araf has to, sadly, end there. The Cornish word lent, however, has a very easily tracable story which goes all the way back to the Latin lentus meaning "slow". It is not, surpisingly, the same root as the English term "Lent" for the Christian Lenten Fast, which actuall comes from the Old English lencten which shares a root with the English word long and the German and Dutch lang, that being the Proto-Germanic *langatīnaz.
So, what am I instead going to discuss today? Well, something else which I find rather interesting is the idea of knowledge. That is, how differently this idea presents itself in various languages. Now, in many examples it comes from the verb to know:
- English: to know - knowledge
- German: wissen - das Wissen
- Welsh: gwybod - gwybodaeth
So, how about Cornish? Well, godhvos means to know (a fact) and aswon means to know (a person) or to recognise. From these we get godhvos (knowledge) and aswonvos (knowledge/acknowledgement). We will be dealing with the former of these, namely godhvos. This cognates to the Welsh gwybod/gwybodaeth and the Breton gouzout/gouiziegezh which all come from the Proto-Brythonic gwɨbod. This is a compound of the words gwɨd (an adjectival word cognating to to know - compare to the older Welsh gwŷdd, meaning knowledge or science) and bod (to be).
Another word for knowledge in Cornish is skians, perhaps popularised by its use for the Skians Conference of the Cornish language Research Network every year. Indeed, it is from this that I first learned the word, previously only using godhvos. The word skians relates directly to the Latin word scientia which means knowledge and ultimately scio, which surprise, surprise means to know. So let's add to the earlier list with:
- Latin: scio - scientia
We should have seen that one coming. It is also from this route that English takes so many words, most obviously science. In Cornish, skians can also mean intellect/sense/wisdom. Now we can bring in other Celtic cognates. The closest cognate is in Breton, where skiant is used for both science and sense, it also has siañs in regards to the former. From skiant, the Breton also derive their word for wisdom, namely skiantouriezh (compare with the Cornish skentoleth - wisdom). I feel it worthy to note that the rather outdated Welsh word sabyddiaeth (wisdom) does carry a reasonable similarity, at least on the surface, although not a direct cognate to either of the Cornish or Breton.
Before finishing, it's rather appropriate to mention the Cornish and Welsh words for science godhonieth and gwyddoniaeth respecively, which come from the Proto-Brythonic gwɨd as already discussed. The Welsh gwyddon, according to the GPC, can also mean knowledgable and learned, though I feel that this is also rather old-fashioned these days also.
I hope you've learned something from this all, I know I have, even if I am feeling a little dizzy now!
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